Species richness and evenness of tree-level plants in the Bohulo camp tourism area

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the vegetation community structure at the tree level, focusing on species richness and evenness, in the Bohulo Camp and Eat Tourism Area, Gorontalo, which has high megabiodiversity potential. This analysis is important for measuring the health and stability of the secondary forest ecosystem. The method used was an exploratory survey through direct observation on November 16, 2025, collecting data on the number of individuals for each tree species. The research results showed that the tree stratum displayed the most dominant species richness. The Margalef Richness Index (R1) was recorded at 5.2748, indicating substantial taxonomic heterogeneity from a total of 202 individuals. Furthermore, the Evenness Index (E) reached a very high value of 0.9565. This value reflects a proportional and balanced distribution of individuals among species, confirming the absence of significant single-species dominance. The combination of good richness and evenness resulted in a Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H') of 3.2209, classifying the tree-level vegetation as a stable, established ecosystem component that plays a vital role as a biodiversity buffer in the tourism area.